equality constraints, a tree memory or computation modulo equational theories
(or also arbitrary combinations of these features).
Such classes of extended tree automata have shwon a good potential
for application in software and protocol verification.
The representation of tree automata as Horn clauses
offers a unified framework for defining such extensions.
Moreover, in this settings, problems such as the emptiness
of the recognized language can be shown decidable
by proving that the saturation of tree automata presentations
with suitable paramodulation strategies terminates.
Alternatively these results can be viewed as new decidable classes of first-order formula.