Alpha-helical membrane proteins are crucial players in the cell and
crucial in processes ranging from basic small-molecule transport to
sophisticated signaling pathways. During the last few years the number
of known 3D-structured of membrane proteins have increased
significantly. These proteins have shown an unexpected structural
variability and the earlier picture of alpha-helical membrane
proteins to consist of twenty residues long straight helices
connected by short loops has been shown to be incomplete. In addition
the earlier view of a simple two stage folding process consisting of
recognition of the hydrophobic helices followed by packing of them has
also been shown to be incomplete. Here I will review
these two findings as well as discuss implications of these for the
classification and prediction of structural, evolutionary and functional features of
alpha-helical membrane proteins in different genomes.