We give a unified (``basis free'') framework for the Descartes
method for real root isolation of square-free real polynomials.
This framework encompasses the usual Descartes' rule of sign method
for polynomials in the power basis as well as its analog in the
Bernstein basis.
We then give a new bound on the size of the recursion tree in the
Descartes method for polynomials with real coefficients. Applied to
polynomials $A(X) = \sum_{i=0}^n a_iX^i$ with integer coefficients
$\abs{a_i} less than 2^L$, this yields a bound of $O(n(L + \log n))$ on the
size of recursion trees. We show that this bound is tight for
$L = \Omega(\log n)$, and we use it to derive the best known
bit complexity bound for the integer case.