I will talk about a new technique for designing approximation algorithms,
called iterative rounding. It was introduced in a FOCS 98 paper by Kamal Jain.
We consider an LP relaxation for a given problem P. We then solve LP optimally,
producing an aptimal basic solution, say [0,1]-vector x. Now, a key idea is
that if we can prove that there is a component of x of value at least 1/2, then
rounding this component to 1, i.e. including the component into our integral
solution, incorporates by a factor of 2 to our solution estimation.
This technique has been used for the Survivable Network Design problem, giving
a first constant factor 2-approximation algorithm.