This talk covers optimization challenges in the context of human-computer interaction, specifically in UI design. In particular, we focus on the design of the new French keyboard layout, discuss the special challenges of this national-scale project and our algorithmic contributions. Exploiting the special structure of this design problem, we propose an optimization framework that efficiently computes keyboard layouts and provides very good optimality guarantees in form of tight lower bounds. The optimized layout that we showed to be nearly optimal was the basis of the new French keyboard standard recently published in the National Assembly in Paris. Finally, we introduce a modeling language for mixed integer programs that especially focuses on the challenges and features that appear in participatory optimization problems similar to the French keyboard design process.